Basic Data
SOCIAL
– Population: 3,233,526
– Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population): 0.1%
– Life expectancy at birth, total (years): 75
– Population growth (annual %): -1.2
– Net Migration: -25,865
– Human Capital Index (HCI) (scale 0-1): 0.6
ECONOMIC
– GDP (current US$): 24.53 billion
– GDP per capita (current US$): 7,585.4
– GDP growth (annual %): 3.9
– Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modelled ILO estimate): 14.1
– Inflation, consumer prices (annual %): 14.0
– Personal remittances, received (% of GDP): 10.1
ENVIRONMENT
– Land Area (1000 ha): 5120
– Forest area (1000 ha): 2187.91
– Agricultural Area (1000 ha): 2216
Source: [World Bank Country Data](https://data.worldbank.org/country/bosnia-and-herzegovina?view=chart)
Strengths and Weaknesses of the Food and Agricultural Sectors
Strengths
- Rich Agricultural Resources: Bosnia and Herzegovina boasts diverse agricultural resources due to its varied geography and climate, allowing for the cultivation of a wide variety of crops and livestock.
- Traditional and Organic Farming: Traditional and organic farming practices are prevalent, leading to the production of high-quality and authentic products.
- Export Potential: The country has the potential to be an exporter of agricultural products, particularly fruits, vegetables, and meat.
- Culinary Heritage: The rich culinary heritage, influenced by a mix of cultures, contributes to the development of unique and appealing food products.
- Tourism Opportunities: The natural beauty combined with traditional foods presents opportunities for agrotourism and food-related experiences.
Weaknesses
Land Fragmentation: Fragmented land ownership leads to small farm sizes, hindering modernization efforts.
Population Degrading on Land: Land degradation affects rural inhabitants, limiting essential ecosystem services like food and water.
Need to Develop Sustainable Agricultural Guidelines: Lack of adaptation policies for the agricultural sector poses risks from climate change impacts.
Outdated Technology and Practices: Relatively low adoption of modern agricultural technology and practices limits productivity and competitiveness.
Post-War Impact: The agricultural sector was heavily impacted by the 1992-1995 war, affecting productivity and economic growth.
Lack of Infrastructure: Insufficient infrastructure impedes efficient agricultural production and market access.
Limited Access to Finance: Many farmers struggle to access financing for modernization and investment.
Quality and Standards: Ensuring consistent quality and meeting international standards is sometimes challenging.
Dependence on Imports: Dependency on imports can impact the trade balance and food security.
Additional Key Data
Source: [World Trade Organization Bosnia and Herzegovina](https://www.wto.org/english/res_e/statis_e/daily_update_e/trade_profiles/BA_e.pdf)
Enabling the Business of Agriculture 2019 Country Profile
Enabling the Business of Agriculture presents indicators that measure the laws, regulations, and bureaucratic processes affecting farmers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It covers various aspects such as seed supply, fertilizer registration, water access, machinery usage, livestock sustainability, plant health protection, food trading, and finance accessibility.
The project collects data through questionnaires, engaging experts from various sectors. Detailed information about the methodology and local contributors is available at [EBA World Bank](https://eba.worldbank.org/en/data/explore-economies/bosnia-and-herzegovina/2019).
